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Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature

Thinking activity: Archetypal Criticism


What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do? 


According to dictionary:

An archetype is a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature. An archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting.

It identifying the situation, patterns of action,character types. In archetype some type of basic structure followed by writers, with different religions, different cultures. Archetypes goes beyond to new criticism, it denotes recurrent native design. Carl.G.Jung also applied Archetypes as primordial images,the psychic residue of repeated patterns of experience in our very ancient ancestors which he maintained.





What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?

Northrop Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ‘physics to nature’ and criticism to literature. Frye says that physics is an organized body of knowledge about nature, Student of physics says that he is learning physics is connected with nature. Physics to nature and criticism to Literature. but both are different. We have to observe critics, we have to move further in knowledge about criticism by standing on the shoulder of other critic.


Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.


Criticism as an organized body of knowledge we can say that it can be learn progressively like history and philosophy because history gives us many events, and philosophy stands for idea that gives us new thought to us.


Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

Inductive method deals with particular to general or from illustration to explanations. Inductive process is the reverse method of deductive method.
In grave digging scene, Grave diggers and hamlet talking about philosophy of life and death. Hamlet handing yorik skull. Grave is the archetype symbol of sad end or death. 

Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

 The deductive method of analysis deals with the established meaning of work from the general truth to particular truth.
 In process: observation⇒ pattern⇒ translative hypothesis
In theory: hypothesis⇒ observation⇒ confirmation
and author given deductive examples to prove their hypothesis
General archetypes  
centripetal-  moving towards the centre
centrifugal- moving away from centre  
Frye gives us example of painting and music, in music we have to listen hole song than we can say that it is good or bad. While in painting we can observe it in one moment. Rythem was deeply found in nature cycle. 


Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation. 

बरसात की रिमझिम फ़ुहार…

अब आई है बेला हरीतिमा की,
छा गई है चहूँ ओर हरियाली ।
पुलकित मन  झूम-झूम रहा है,
जीवन में छा गई है खुशहाली ।
देखो कोयल कैसे कूक रही है,
मानो अपनी बात रख रही है ।
हुआ निवारण गृष्म की गर्मी से,
झूम उठी  वह देख हरियाली ।
अब आई है बेला…
रिमझिम रिमझिम की फुहार,
ठंडी-ठंडी चली हवा मतवाली ।
पंछियों ने  भी  शोर  मचाया,
संग टूटी उनकी भी बदहाली ।
अब आई है बेला…
सुप्त नदी-नाले अब उमड़ पड़ेंगे,
हुंकार भर दिखायेंगे खुशहाली ।
पेड़-पौधे लहराकर मचल उठेंगे,
झूम उठेंगे पत्ते-पत्ते डाली-डाली ।
अब आई है बेला…

The poem is about rain, in the season of rain people were so excited when rain comes. In the poem poet talked about different effects of rain. Everyone was so happy. So symbol of rain is deeply connected to happiness.


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